Cervical screening (commonly known as a smear test) is one of the most effective tools we have for preventing cervical cancer. Yet uptake in England has been declining, with nearly 1 in 3 eligible women not attending their screening. Understanding what screening involves, why it matters, and what the current guidelines say can help you make an informed decision.
What does cervical screening actually test for?
The primary purpose of cervical screening in the UK is now to test for high-risk strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the cause of virtually all cervical cancers. If HPV is detected, the sample is then examined for abnormal cell changes (cytology).
This "HPV-first" approach, introduced in 2019, is more sensitive than traditional cytology alone and means that HPV-negative women can be reassured that their risk is very low.
Who should be screened and when?
- Ages 25–49: Every 3 years
- Ages 50–64: Every 5 years
- Over 65: Only if a recent test was abnormal or if you have never been screened
You will receive an invitation letter from the NHS, but you can also book privately if you prefer a more comfortable setting, wish to be seen sooner, or have previously found screening difficult.
What if I'm nervous about screening?
Anxiety about cervical screening is extremely common and entirely understandable. Here are some things that can help:
- You can request a female doctor or nurse
- Smaller speculum sizes are available
- You can ask to insert the speculum yourself
- In a private consultation, there is more time and no sense of being rushed
- The test itself typically takes under 2 minutes
What about the HPV vaccine?
The HPV vaccination programme has been remarkably successful. However, the vaccine does not protect against all HPV strains, which is why screening remains essential even for vaccinated women.
Whether you attend through the NHS or privately, the most important thing is that you attend. Cervical screening saves approximately 5,000 lives in England each year.
Due for your cervical screening? Book a comfortable, private appointment.
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